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This report explores the context of the global innovation environment that is driving the need for the U.S. Department of Defense to better connect with the global commercial economy.

Military art and science --- Military research --- Technological innovations --- United States. --- United States.

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The Arab uprisings of 2011 created unexpected opportunities for religious radicals. Although many inside and outside the region initially saw the uprisings as liberal triumphs, illiberal forces have benefitted disproportionately. In Tunisia, formally marginalized jihadi-salafi groups appealed for mainstream support, and in Egypt, the Muslim Brotherhood triumphed in elections. Even in Saudi Arabia, not known for either lively politics or for political entrepreneurship, a surprising array of forces praised the rise of 'Islamic democracy' under a Muslim Brotherhood banner. Yet, at the same time, the Arab Spring reinforced regional governments' advantages. The chaos engulfing parts of the region has convinced some citizens that they were better off with the governments they had, and many governments successfully employed old and new tools of repression to reinforce the status quo. In the Middle East, conflicts that many thought were coming to an end will continue, as will the dynamism and innovation that have emerged among radical and opposition groups. To face the current threats, governments will need to use many of their existing tools skillfully, but they will also need to judge what tools will no longer work, and what new tools they have at their disposal. The stakes could not be higher.

ARAB SPRING, 2010 --- -ISLAM AND POLITICS--ARAB COUNTRIES --- ISLAM AND POLITICS--MIDDLE EAST --- ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM--ARAB COUNTRIES --- ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM--MIDDLE EAST --- ARAB COUNTRIES--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT --- MIDDLE EAST--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT --- Radicalism --- Arab Spring, 2010 --- -Religious aspects --- Islam --- Influence --- Middle East --- Politics and government --- Radicalism - Middle East --- Radicalism - Religious aspects - Islam --- Arab Spring, 2010- - Influence --- Middle East - Politics and government - 21st century --- -Middle East

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Gathering field work from almost twenty countries along with in-depth analysis and case studies, Religious Radicalism after the Arab Uprisings explores how radical groups, governments, and publics have responded to the Arab uprisings of 2011 and how conflicts that many thought were coming to an end are likely to continue indefinitely.

Arab Spring, 2010 --- -Islam and politics. --- Islamic fundamentalism --- Radicalism. --- Political aspects. --- Egypt. --- Saudi Arabia. --- Tunisia.

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"The Arabian Gulf is now involved in a massive arms race, triggered largely by the fear that Iran will try to use its military forces to intimidate or dominate its neighbors. Iran has threatened to close the Gulf and carried out a wide range of large military exercises to show its capabilities. And Iran has steadily increased its ability to exploit the threat of conventional and asymmetric warfare to maritime traffic in the Gulf. The buildup of Iran's naval, air, and missile capabilities poses a wide range of threats to maritime traffic into and outside of the Gulf. One potential target of this threat is the steady increase in bulk cargo shipments into the Gulf, Arabia Sea/Gulf of Oman, and Red Seas -- shipments that are of steadily growing strategic importance to each of the other the Gulf states"--Publisher's web site.

Air power --- Asymmetric warfare --- Ballistic missiles --- Sea-power --- Iran. --- Iran. --- Iran --- Iran. --- Armed Forces.

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Central Asia in a Reconnecting Eurasia: Turkmenistan's Evolving Foreign Economic and Security Interests, part of a five-volume series, examines the full scope of U.S. national interests in Turkmenistan and puts forward the broad outlines of a strategy for U.S. engagement over the coming years.

Security, International --- Turkmenistan --- Asia, Central --- Foreign economic relations --- Foreign economic relations